Specialized engineers focused on three critical areas: the battery, motor and electronic interface as integrated components of a complete machine.

ENGADGET: Specialized Turbo e-bike reaches the US, offers a speed boost for $5,900

For an example, in a hybrid car, a radiator works to cool the combustion engine while a second radiator cools the power electronic system that runs the electric motor.

FORBES: Google-backed Transphorm Raises $25M For Power Conversion Tech

At the Frankfurt Motor Show in September, GKN unveiled its new electronic torque-management system--think of it as artificial intelligence for the driveline.

FORBES: Beefing up the rump

Teleflex had a patent for a gas pedal that moves via electronic sensor according to a driver's height, which Ford Motor was using on some of its trucks.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Teleflex (nyse: TFX - news - people ) had a patent for a gas pedal that moves via electronic sensor according to a driver's height, which Ford Motor (nyse: F - news - people ) was using on some of its trucks.

FORBES: Getting A Patent Just Got Harder

Mabuchi Motor has half the world market for tiny electric motors used in electronic gadgets and computer drives.

ECONOMIST: Japan��s growth companies