It's just a matter of putting a wire in the heart and a wire in the skin, and connecting it up to Dr. Johnson's electrical stimulator, and it worked.

CNN: Pacemaker pioneer now lives with device

It was in the fall of 1956 that a young physiologist, Dr. Jack Johnson at the University of Minnesota, said you know, to Dr. Lillehei and the rest of them, 'I've been pacing frog hearts for five years with an electrical stimulator.

CNN: Pacemaker pioneer now lives with device