They start tweaking their value chain and pursuing greater efficiency through economies of scale.
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The company also said it had improved efficiency through economies of scale, which enhanced underlying profit margins.
Pfizer's case to investors has a lot to do with the company's already tremendous size, and its ability to wring efficiency out of its scale.
Frederick Taylor, Henry Ford and Alfred Sloan among others showed how to run big organizations by delivering mass production through managing the supply chain, parsing and manufacturing demand, controlling employees as human resources, and steadily increasing efficiency through economies of scale.
The economies of scale, flexibility and efficiency they offer will not only save organizations massive amounts of capital and maintenance costs but emancipate them to apply and use information as never before.
" Economies of Scale and Efficiency in European Banking", by Paul Schure and Rien Wagenvoort, European Investment Bank, 1999.
Even without considering the additional sustainability benefits to be achieved from the scale and efficiency of commercial data centres, or the proactive monitoring of energy usage, private data centres can potentially quadruple utilisation to 80 per cent with only a 50 per cent increase in power consumption.
While a single wind-turbine does not affect the global atmosphere, the installation of a large number of such devices will interfere with the atmospheric circulation and diminish the extraction efficiency on the large scale, since any extraction of momentum will act in competition with natural wind-power energy dissipation by turbulence in the boundary layer.
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While improving our efficiency ratings, the reduced scale of outreach would lower the amount of funds we could raise.
ADP, because of its scale and efficiency, is hard to compete against.
It has also been implementing an efficiency initiative, Project Keystone, a global effort to enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of Heinz to better leverage its scale.
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"But overall, we are striving to proactively accelerate our efficiency efforts both in terms of timing and scale as we foresee a future market development where we face more uncertainties and risks, " Rasmussen said.
Up to now, those scale economies of fuel efficiency and of capital cost in these large generating units have been so great as to be able to absorb the additional cost of transmission and distribution and still be lower than any competing form of electrical generation (except of course where plentiful hydroelectric generation could be built).
It also involves the deployment of low concentrating solar technology at a new scale, providing an indication of more such projects and efficiency improvements to come as solar energy marches towards grid parity.
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Now the company has invested in increasing efficiency, decreasing the footprint and increasing the scale of the Watson system.
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They have to look inward, rapidly exploiting economies of scale and making major shifts in operational efficiency.
Together, we will accelerate our ability to offer unmatched levels of performance, efficiency and scalability to customers deploying cloud or scale-out environments, helping drive new growth for both companies.
Groupon, instead, has built an admirable infrastructure that lacks significant economies of scale, especially since it must face challenges from other digital efficiency masters like Google, Facebook and Amazon.
Wind power has made significant advances in efficiency and scale in recent years, but wind-turbines are still able to handle only one of many wind-speed categories.
The integrated nature of campaign research, communications, media, and field-organizing functions is at a scale and efficiency that puts even the most sophisticated marketers to shame.
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He says this will create regional jobs, increase resource security, reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, increase material efficiency and prevent carbon emissions and industrial waste - all on a big scale.
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