From the start, they astounded viewers with the unexpected color of their work: To emulate the effects of stained glass and daylight, they abandoned the academic practice of initial underpainting in dark earth-tones.

WSJ: Victorian Avant-Garde | Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design | National Gallery of Art | By Barrymore Laurence Scherer

According to results of this new study, the wide-ranging effects of lengthy malpractice claims until resolution likely contributes to the costly practice of defensive medicine, impacting not only the economy, but patients as well.

FORBES: Medical Malpractice: Broken Beyond Repair?

Other questions focused on ensuring private health insurance companies abide by industry codes of practice, membership of the European Defence Agency, and effects of spending cuts on public health.

BBC: Digital radio must be improved before switchover - peer

The cleaners have also undone the effects of a 1946 restoration, which followed then-standard practice in replacing lost elements.

WSJ: A Heavenly View From On High | Basilica of Santa Croce | Agnolo Gaddi | By Francis X. Rocca

Another driver of better management practice is competition, which has the strongest effects on the worst managed companies.

ECONOMIST: Maybe management theory is not hocus pocus after all

But in practice they don't, because subtle mechanical effects distort the regularity of the oscillations.

ECONOMIST: A luxury watchmaker is putting silicon in its timepieces

Literacy rates are reportedly even lower for female youths (42%) and adults (26%) due to the combined effects of war, poverty and socio-cultural practices (e.g. early marriages and the general practice of educating the boy rather than the girl-child).

UNESCO: Country Profile: Sierra Leone

Medical practice changes all the time, new drugs are introduced, so how can we select out the effects of more competition from the general improvement in the health service over time?

FORBES: How Can We Measure The Effectiveness Of Change In The Health Care System?