Policies have to be evaluated in terms of their actual effects rather than their hoped-for results .

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According to results of this new study, the wide-ranging effects of lengthy malpractice claims until resolution likely contributes to the costly practice of defensive medicine, impacting not only the economy, but patients as well.

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The Munich and Paris-based company attributed the results to its excellent underlying performance and significant positive foreign currency effects.

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However, in order to provide a complete picture of our recurring core business operating results, we exclude from non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS the tax effects associated with SBC.

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One is meta-analysis, in which the results of clinical trials are pooled together to try and tease out small effects of a treatment.

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