The unions are protesting at pay deals which they say are below the rate of inflation and would mean an effective pay cut for their members.
Firing policies he finds to be more effective than performance pay.
And if lessons learned from addressing equally complex challenges in other sectors are any guide, investing in a reliable system to measure and support effective teaching will pay rich dividends.
At the same time, it includes so many exemptions, giveaways and rebates that those who can game the system pay effective rates that are too low, benefiting their accountants and lawyers but leaving government short of cash.
Folks caught in the AMT pay an effective federal gains rate as high as 22%.
Large companies pay lower effective rates because they shelter profits overseas and hire armies of tax experts to avoid taxes.
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He has to pay his effective rate, and we will assume that to be 28% (most investors fall into this rate).
Some school districts use this to reward effective teachers with merit pay.
France has long seen income tax as a mechanism for soaking the rich, who currently pay an effective marginal rate of around 60%.
As you might expect, giant companies generally pay lower effective tax rates (income before taxes divided by taxes paid) than smaller companies, although both groups are subject to the same statutory corporate tax rate that tops out at 37 percent.
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On the positive side, it would seem that, thanks to the often substantial increase in the basic allowance and the reduction or removal of exemptions, fears that the flat tax reforms would greatly reduce personal-income tax progressivity the notion according to which economic agents should pay higher effective tax rates the more they earn have been overblown.
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But the 400 highest income taxpayers do pay a lower effective rate than mere millionaires an average of just 18.1% in 2008.
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Police and Crime Commissioner Christopher Salmon said the 3.9% rise was smaller than in recent years but would pay for "effective policing" on minimal cost.
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To make matters worse, effective rents (what tenants pay for office space) fell 0.9% from the first quarter and a whole 5.7% from the year earlier.
They can also choose an alternative, called a HECM Saver loan, where they pay much lower fees but can borrow less and may pay a higher effective interest rate.
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Education Minister John O'Dowd said the payments reflected the decision across the public sector to provide additional payments to low paid staff at a time when a pay freeze was effective.
Those returns between the bottom 50 percent and the top 25 percent pay an average effective tax rate of only 5.6 percent, accounting for only 11.8 percent of all federal income tax revenue.
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As I pointed out here, because of the historically low 15% rate on long term capital gains (compared to a top tax rate of 35% for ordinary income, like salary) the 400 highest income Americans now pay a lower effective federal income tax rate than the merely well paid.
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And he went on to talk about a concrete vote the Senate will take in the next few weeks on the so-called Buffett Rule, his principle, named after Warren Buffett, built around the idea that a billionaire should not pay a lower effective tax rate on his income than his secretary.
The new report also shows the impact of the Bush-era tax cuts on the effective tax rate higher-income folks pay.
The extra pay was three times more effective in boosting student test scores than spending the same money on teaching materials.
Penalizing errors at both the employee and management levels will foster the provision of more effective training, motivate claims processors to pay more attention in the classroom, and inject into the claims processing system a greater emphasis on quality.
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Effective September 30, 2002, actual basic pay data will be used to calculate the future liability for employment related benefits.
In the United Kingdom, new drugs like Perjeta have to be cost-effective before the National Health Service there will pay for them.
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Consulting firm Elevate Global Ltd. says that as long as factories pay competitive wages, the most effective way to retain employees is to improve communication.
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Drugmakers also hope that this ability to foresee who will benefit will make drugs more cost-effective, and thus convince managed care companies to pay for them.
The U.S. tax authorities, however, have recently introduced another far more effective means of collecting information on tax evaders: They pay informers for it.
For consumers, who, at the end of the day, are the ones that actually pay for recycling, EPR promises a more effective, efficient system, one that delivers better value for taxpayer dollars.
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