He has striven to reform the United Nations so as to make it more accountable, transparent and effective as an institution.

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"We are hoping that future studies will show that very early institution of effective therapy will result in this same outcome consistently, " she said.

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For several years, the world's top international financial institution has lacked effective leadership, in part because of a high turnover at the top.

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Doing Business, an annual world bank publication, has been the institution's most effective program promoting economic development.

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Furthermore, there is nothing intrinsic about the tax status of an institution that determines how effective it is at meeting the needs of its students.

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The optimal strategy for one institution type may vary from what is most effective at another.

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In early 2010, he was forwarded an e-mail in patchy English from a Ukrainian academic named Oleg Bakhtiyarov, who introduced himself as the director of a recently formed institution of higher education in Kiev called the University of Effective Development, and as a leading proponent of a philosophical movement called psychonetics.

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Financial institutions also are required to develop, implement and maintain effective anti-money laundering programs (AML programs) reasonably designed to prevent the institution from being used to facilitate money laundering.

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"Our model is a very effective one, contributing to faculty development and it is faculty that will make a great institution, " he says.

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