That is, a net negative effect on the growth of GDP over 10 years.
The 2004 meltdown had a chilling effect on the growth of the League.
Previous modelling work has indicated that removing just a few key items each year could have a significant limiting effect on the growth of debris.
Reining in spending would have an effect on the growth of the economy as a whole and, in turn, individuals own income and their ability to save.
Credit dried up and that had a real and definite effect on the growth of existing companies, the health of fragile new businesses, and the opportunities for entrepreneurs to start up new firms.
Would anybody seriously deny that the Reagan policies of the early 1980s had such a significant effect on economic growth and employment that they changed the growth trend line?
Another factor to consider is the effect of Chinese economic growth on the rest of the developing world.
Pegvisomant (Somavert) blocks the effect of excess growth hormone on the body.
In the past, when evaluating tax proposals, neither the Congressional Budget Office nor the Joint Committee on Taxation were permitted to factor in the effect of economic growth on tax revenue.
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The Fed's half-point cut in mid-September showed that the central bank is worried about the effect of the housing market on growth but also that it hopes speedy action will limit the extent to which that infects the broader economy.
GDP, had had any discernible effect on growth beyond the quarter in which they occurred.
However, their effect on growth in the more-developed countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was statistically insignificant.
Research on animals has suggested that stress can have an effect on tumour growth and the spread of cancer to other parts of the body.
By contrast, Malaysia, worried about the harmful effect of higher rates on economic growth and on the stockmarket, has failed to bite the bullet risking worse consequences later.
He said the priority for eurozone countries ought to be fixing the "immediate and urgent crisis" which was having a "chilling effect" on the UK economy and growth and job prospects across the globe.
Unfortunately, once you sort through how much more China can actually spend in the near term, and take into account that--at market exchange rates--China's economy is only around 6% of world gross domestic product, the effect on global growth will be small.
"Combined with control of entitlement spending and a long-term solution to the Alternative Minimum Tax, this can have a beneficial effect on long-run growth, " the report says.
The effect on world-wide nuclear growth "will depend upon how things play out in Japan over the next few days or weeks, " Mr. Carter said.
The taxes with the lowest effect on future growth are those on land and fixed property.
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What handicaps him is the lack of a proper understanding of the effect of the national debt on future growth (something that appears to have been encouraged by his Treasury Secretary, Timothy Geithner).
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The regression results for Europe, using the same approach as outlined earlier, show a consistently negative effect of social transfers on growth, even though the coefficients vary in size and significance (table A7.4).
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But this will have only limited effect in ameliorating the impact on real gdp growth.
Concerns about distribution and its effect on future growth add impetus: the longer that governments prevaricate about reforming entitlements, the more will be squeezed from investment in the young and poor.
"If it is true that the mechanism is all about rays enhancing diffuse radiation, it would mean that 'global dimming' and 'global brightening' would have a big effect on tree growth and therefore on the absorption of carbon dioxide, " warns Ms Dengel.
As you might expect, the explosive growth of connected devices is having a profound effect on the marketing research industry.
The BCC estimates that the economy grew by 0.3% in the second quarter of 2011, and it is concerned about the effect that weak growth in the rest of the world will have on UK exporters.
He would certainly not quibble with the idea that his fiscal programme has had an effect on our potential growth rate this year - and will continue to do so in the years to come.
What is going to be the effect on the US GDP of strong global economic growth?
In 2020 the bill will not yet have started to bite, and the estimate excludes its effect on economic growth.
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