Leaving them out would exaggerate the estimates of the effect on trade of currency-union membership.
The effect of hired foreign hands in rugby union in England has yet to be fully tested.
ECONOMIST: The pros and cons of free trade in rugby players: An English case study | The
This had the unusual effect of angering both Russia and the European Union.
The entry of China, India and the former Soviet Union into market capitalism has, in effect, doubled the world supply of workers, from 1.5 billion to 3 billion.
According to longstanding principles of international law, when one country has a bilateral treaty with another and is then "succeeded" by a different state (as Russia has succeeded to the rights and duties of the Soviet Union under a number of treaties), the bilateral treaty remains in effect only if both states so affirm--the new state and its predecessor's treaty partner.
The fact that most Gulf currencies are already, in effect, pegged to each other means the benefits of union are limited compared with those in the EU. Travellers can already use Qatari riyals in a Saudi supermarket, for instance.
That Judgment has effect throughout the European Union and was upheld by the Court of Appeal on 18 October 2012.
That Judgment has effect throughout the European Union and was upheld by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales on 18 October 2012.
The Council of Ministers of the European Union approved a draft directive to that effect in June.
As to the others, Ruth Davidson of the Conservatives pursued the issue of independent Scottish membership of the European Union with, I felt, modest effect on the day.
None of these factors would have been fatal, but for an abrupt tightening of credit in early 2008 that, in effect, cut Smart Union's working capital in half.
But as David Autor, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, points out in a new paper on labour market polarisation, fading union power has been more the effect than the cause of occupational shifts.
The common Customs Code stage of the customs union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan came into effect July 6.
FORBES: Russia's Mounting Influence In Belarus And Kazakhstan
He considers the customs union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, which comes into effect on January 1st 2012, as the nucleus of a Russian equivalent of the European Union's growth-boosting integration.
The fighting, which eased at nightfall, was by far the most serious violation of a cease-fire brokered by NATO and the European Union that took effect July 5.
Groups from Greenpeace to the Union of Concerned Scientists fret that Africa is being manipulated by multinational corporations, in effect serving as one big--and potentially dangerous--genetic experiment.
Groups that include Greenpeace and the Union of Concerned Scientists fret that Africa is being manipulated by multinational corporations, in effect serving as one big--potentially dangerous--genetic experiment.
But more than 50% of its trade is within Europe, partly due to a customs union that has been in effect since 1995.
With the takeover of Detroit, and new legislation taking effect later this month, the state gains more power to tear up municipal union contracts in an effort to cut costs.
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