Although sulfate particles may have had the short-term effect of cooling temperatures, in the long run, pumping CO2 into the atmosphere spells trouble.

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But rates were frozen for the second consecutive month at 4.75% almost a fortnight ago, having climbed from 3.5% in November last year - an indication the MPC was confident the rises were having the desired effect of cooling house prices and curbing high consumer borrowing.

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They also conclude that greenhouse warming has partially been offset by the cooling effect of aerosols - tiny particles of dust thrown into the atmosphere that can reflect solar radiation back into space.

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Extend this out to the 30% of jobs which require such licenses and you can see that there will be something of a cooling effect on labour mobility.

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While ice reflects around 80 percent of the sun's heat, having a cooling effect, blue sea water can absorb up to 95 percent of solar radiation, warming up the sea and accelerating the melting process further.

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It contributed important new understanding on subjects such as the chemistry of the protective ozone layer and the cooling effect volcanoes can exert on the global climate.

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The effect of the president's order is to impose a 60-day cooling off period and give negotiators more time to reach an agreement, according to a White House spokesman.

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Every 20 to 30 years, the much colder water near the bottom of the oceans cycles up to the top, where it has a slight cooling effect on global temperatures until the sun warms that water.

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