That so-called conditionality policy went into effect world-wide last year.
However, the decline in like-for-like sales - which excludes the effect of store closures - was faster in the last three months than in the preceding six-month period.
Since the cease-fire went into effect last August, that protection has been maintained by UNIFIL forces stationed along the border with Israel.
That fire-sale effect was felt in October last year when Beverly Hills, Calif.
The company says that in California, where the rule change for high-school players went into effect last year, there was a meaningful boost to sales.
WSJ: HEARD ON THE STREET: Dick's Steps Into the Batter's Box
That last point illustrates the ripple effect--in this case the public health impact--of such government actions.
France expected to lead the EU training mission - and was briefing to that effect only last week.
Madrid's structural deficit - which strips out the effect of the recession - fell only by 1.4% of GDP last year, barely half the 2.7% target set by the Commission.
Kallis' absence may force the selectors to reconsider their options, having elected - to little effect - to choose spinner Paul Adams ahead of accurate seamer David Terbrugge for the last Test.
Are they right to think the latest Balkan war is, in effect, the last gasp of pan-Slav nationalism?
In Timor-Leste last year, violence flared after, in effect, a mutiny by a large part of the armed forces.
But those negative headlines have already had a knock-on effect with bookings in the lucrative youth market well down on last year, according to Thomson Holidays.
BBC: British tourists flock to enjoy the nightlife in Faliraki
Butt speared Graeme Swann to short extra-cover, where Collingwood nonchalantly took a tough catch, and Yardy returned to devastating effect, taking two wickets in his last three overs - and conceding just seven runs.
Our research in the Almanac shows that most of the January effect, where small-cap stocks outperformed large caps, happened the last two weeks of December.
While representing only 1 percent of the FTC's 2012 survey, the personal cost is multi-faceted and, like some diseases, the residual effect of a fraudulent invasion can last for many years.
ENGADGET: Editorial: Countering ID theft requires better awareness campaigns
And the fact is we have been talking about this and answering question, and making clear that the planning was in effect in the lead-up to the potential deadline at the end of last year.
Last week, Garber was politic about its effect on MLS's lower-league relationships, but the move certainly has a side effect of broadening the power base of a soccer pyramid that has MLS, and its controlled model, at its apex.
California, Illinois, Maryland and Michigan adopted social-media privacy laws last year, and a similar new law in Utah takes effect in May.
As her premiums soared, she called around last summer, after the Affordable Act -- Affordable Care Act had taken effect, to find any plan that would cover Wesley.
WHITEHOUSE: President Obama on Health Reform at Families USA
But the complicating factor in all this is the Health Minister's statement to the effect that in the last resort, families would wield some sort of veto - but based on what?
The optimists' gloss on all that was that Italy's financial woes are being quarantined - and the rest of the eurozone is galloping towards the kind of fiscal integration that would (at the last) allow the European Central Bank to (in effect) underwrite the credit-worthiness of all member states (see my post, The eurozone's borrowing costs may stay lethally high, for more on this).
But rates were frozen for the second consecutive month at 4.75% almost a fortnight ago, having climbed from 3.5% in November last year - an indication the MPC was confident the rises were having the desired effect of cooling house prices and curbing high consumer borrowing.
The Swedish government is funding research into the feasibility of using a wind-turbine driven oxygen pump in the Baltic, following studies carried out last year by the University of Gothenburg, which looked at the effect of pumping oxygen-rich surface water to the bottom of two Swedish fjords.
Federal researchers who launched an experimental cyberattack last year in Idaho caused a generator to self-destruct, prompting fears about the effect of a real attack on the nation's electrical supply.
Co-decision on the EU budget is one of the innovations in the Lisbon Treaty, which took effect last December.
Less than a month ago, Congress and the White House struck a last-minute deal to stop a combination of sharp spending cuts and tax increases from taking effect - measures that would have damaged the fragile economy.
The third effect will be on the collateralised-debt obligation (CDO) market, which caused so many problems last year.
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