On scan days, baseline scans were followed by intravenous administration of nicotine at a dose equivalent to the nicotine delivered by 1.5 cigarettes.

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In the new study, published this week in the "Archives of Internal Medicine, " 248 menopausal women were randomly assigned to receive a placebo pill or 200 milligrams of soy isoflavone supplements per day -- a dose "equivalent to approximately twice the highest intake through food sources in typical Asian diets, " Levis says.

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The company says its Single Pose Secure scanner uses an extremely low-dose X-ray, equivalent to spending two minutes on an aircraft.

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Because the beam is being so precisely targeted, a bigger dose can be given, equivalent to several sessions all at once.

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If an astronaut had been on the Moon at the time, they might have received a 400 rem (Roentgen Equivalent Man) radiation dose.

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Even subsistence fishermen, who eat far more fish than the typical American, would receive a dose of radiation from the cesium isotopes released in the meltdown equivalent to a single dental X-ray, Fisher and his colleagues reported.

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Only Chile, which saved the equivalent of 12% of GDP in a special fund during the boom, can repeat the dose for several years from its own resources.

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