China's economy is the world's seventh largest, bigger than Canada's and Russia's, with a GDP climbing toward the trillion-dollar level.
Summers was firm on expecting reductions in entitlement spending at a greater dollar level than taxes will be raised on the rich.
Asian markets were mostly weaker, with Japan's Nikkei Stock Average finishing 0.5% lower as the yen strengthened slightly, backing away from the widely watched 100-per-dollar level.
Second, the level of the dollar is closely connected with the level of the stockmarket.
Thursday, the Indian rupee fell to 56.38 to a dollar, its lowest level since July 25.
The value of the yen slipped below 135 to the dollar, its lowest level since 1991.
It already is trading at around RMB6.4 to the dollar, its strongest level ever.
The Japanese currency was trading as low as 87.30 yen against the US dollar, the lowest level since July 2010.
That the yen seems near a cyclical low against the dollar (if and when the yen recovers from its present level of 96 to the dollar, dividend income for U.S. investors will automatically increase in dollar terms).
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The dollar declined to its lowest level in 12 years against the Brazilian real on Monday.
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Third, the clean technology industry is likely to be a multi trillion dollar industry on the global level.
Rising prices have been driven by falls in the rupee, which is at its lowest level against the dollar.
Phelps Dodge sold too much of its '06 production forward and is realizing prices a dollar below the present market level.
The trade weighted level of the dollar these past months is nearly in a free fall condition, down over 6 percent.
The pound has risen to its highest level against the dollar in three months, buoyed by a return to growth in the construction sector in January.
Last week, the Peoples Central Bank of China allowed the yuan to strengthen and it moved to its highest level versus the dollar in 17 years.
The ECB's reluctance to cut rates has contributed to a sharp rise in the euro, which has recently been touching its highest level against the dollar since the single currency was launched in 1999.
Expect China to continue its policy of a gradual appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar, and the decibel level of the rhetoric from the Obama administration on the value of the renminbi to be substantially reduced in the months ahead.
He also cited a move in the dollar index back above the 80 level.
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Lesh also cited a U.S. dollar index back above the 80 level.
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For simplicity, we could set the total amount of money at such a level where a single dollar gets you a single meal.
The euro, meanwhile, clocked up gains of almost 3% against the dollar to trade at its strongest level in more than 14 months.
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However if this were to break down, the path of oil price is more important to Russia than the level of the US dollar.
It then (properly, but belatedly) reversed course and brought the gold value of the dollar back to the February 1996 level by July 2004.
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As the yen fell below 140 to the U.S. dollar June 8, its lowest level in seven years, economists warned of a double-U - a slow recovery suddenly cut by a new round of devaluations, say, or a meltdown in Wall Street or Russia.
Starting at this income level, for each additional dollar of AMT income the taxpayer loses 25% of the exemption.
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On Friday, the Japanese currency hit 86.64 to the dollar in intraday trading, its lowest level since August 2010.
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But it does say the tests probably would be quite onerous, on the level of the multimillion-dollar, multiyear process needed to approve new pharmaceuticals.
The Bank of Japan sold 2 trillion yen in the same effort Friday, pushing the currency back down from its record level on Thursday against the dollar.
If Arroyo can win back the confidence of businesspeople and global investors that Estrada has squandered, the peso might well return to a more typical level of 40 to the dollar.
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