The next generation services and offerings will be to alter or genetically engineer our DNA code.
Unlike in the Volker case, she examines the entire 6 billion-letter DNA code.
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Of the 6 billion bases of DNA code, he needed a little less than 3 million, or half a percent.
More than half a million single letter variations in the DNA code were analysed in men in the UK and Australia.
Craig Venter, the brash gene-mapper, and James Watson, who discovered DNA's structure, have gotten to look straight at their entire DNA code.
Almost instantly, there was talk about a cure, about using gene therapy to fix the errant bits of DNA code and make children whole.
If the cost of getting DNA code drops precipitously, what will be the business model of companies that create new DNA decoding or analyzing technology?
Advances in the life sciences means it is now possible to design DNA on a computer screen and send the DNA code to a "bio printer" for assembly.
Whereas the PGM can deliver 100, 000 bases of DNA code in a two-hour time frame, plus sample preperation, the MiSeq can deliver 250, 000 in eight hours, including prep time.
The main goal of biology at that time seemed to be figuring out what all the genes written in the DNA code did, not figuring out how they worked.
By using a virus to smuggle in a piece of DNA code into cells, the crucial genes could be turned on and the athlete would gain tremendous advantages in strength or endurance.
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That means that the PGM will be able to sequence 1 billion letters of DNA code in two hours, making it much more competitive with a rival machine, the MiSeq, developed by Illumina, which now dominates the sequencing business.
And when genomics pioneer Craig Venter and colleagues created the first synthetic cell in 2010, they wrote their names into its DNA code, the way an artist might sign a painting, along with three literary quotations and a website address.
Whether he was right or wrong, he was demonstrating an impulse that is embedded into the DNA code of almost every political player and observer I know: the desire to figure out what other campaign year the current one is like.
DeCode will search for obesity genes by looking through a population of 70, 000 Icelanders and checking for differences in their DNA. Genes that obese people have in common will be pinpointed within the 3.1 billion letters of DNA code found in nearly every human cell.
Most have one or more treatments on the market that act as HIV virus inhibitors to prevent the HIV virus from inserting the DNA genetic code necessary for replication into healthy cells.
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One example: The gene that makes the Epogen protein is expressed in only a few scattered tissues and is hard to detect by conventional gene-finding methods, which discover genes not by looking at DNA but by examining the RNA messengers that ferry genetic code between the DNA itself and the cellular machinery that make proteins.
They then translated the code into the DNA: Zeros were encoded in guanine and thymine, ones in adenine and cytosine.
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Each person's DNA -- the genetic code in a person's cells -- is unique, except in the case of identical twins, he noted.
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The M.mycoides genome contains over a million letters of genetic code and current DNA-technology can string-together perhaps a few thousand units in one go.
Krebs was mining a conceptual shift, one in which our dependence on the Internet and networked computers had turned code into the DNA of physical infrastructure.
The genetic code contained in the DNA is read by ribosomes in chunks of three individual components.
An organism's genes--the entire recipe book that explains whether a cell is part of a plant, a moth, a mouse or a person--are written in code on strands of DNA inside the cell called chromosomes.
Dr. Church said he first considered encoding the novel "Moby Dick, " but then chose to use his own manuscript because its combination of words, pictures and JavaScript code would better showcase DNA's capacity to handle different kinds of information.
The HIV retrovirus, in particular, is a single-stranded RNA virus that duplicates itself in a host cell by converting its genetic code into double-stranded DNA that is then inserted into the host cell.
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This one family, in Ogden, Utah, has watched as five children in two generations have died from a mysterious disease that science could not explain.. Thanks to huge leaps being made in DNA sequencing and in computer programs to decipher genetic code, researchers were able to find the gene for this disease in just sixteen months.
The human genetic code contains more than 3 billion letters of DNA, each of which might differ between any two individuals.
Incyte's business is to make sense of the data -- to piece short stretches of DNA into longer ones and to find out what proteins they code for.
Instead of labels, GenVault puts a tiny bit of unique rice DNA into each human cell sample, a sort of permanent bar code for the samples.
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