Roughly 20 years later, Clarence Birdseye revolutionized the distribution process by inventing a technique to make produce largely distributable via the railroad.

FORBES: A New Era -- the Era of the Customer

Far more common--but still damaging--are the high-volume crime spikes, spam e-mail distribution and "phishing, " a pernicious technique for stealing credit-card information. (For more on online scams, check out "Where The Scammers Are".) The carnage is hard to pin down in dollar terms, but Marcus Ranum, chief security officer of Tenable Security, says it's "billions upon billions"--far more than all "major" hacking incidents combined.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Tony Tyson and David Wittman, who work at Lucent Technologies' Bell Laboratories, in New Jersey, and their collaborators have proposed building a telescope that estimates the distribution of mass in the past by analysing these deflected light-waves, a technique known as three-dimensional mass tomography.

ECONOMIST: Cosmology