Two further refinements were necessary: to work out the third dimension distance from Earth and to subtract the effect of visible matter in order to be left with the distribution of dark matter pure and simple.

ECONOMIST: Cosmology: I spy with my little gravitational lens | The

It said that magic, in its most primordial form, might be defined as the effect of two independent objects acting upon one another over a distance, such as voodoo, psychokinesis, or telepathy.

NEWYORKER: Sweetheart Sorrow

Changes to the distance at which pupils are entitled to free travel had been scheduled to take effect from 3 September.

BBC: Children doing art

He likened the effect to "puddles of water" that seem to appear on road surfaces when viewed from a distance on a hot day.

BBC: Carbon nanotubes experiment results

Using this phenomenon physicists have been able to transfer -- or in effect teleport -- the properties of one particle to another, in the case of atoms over a distance of about half a meter, in the case of photons over tens of kilometers.

CNN: Beam me up: Just how close are we to teleportation?