The researchers suggest that these fluctuations may have direct effects on airways. and indirect effects on inflammatory responses to infection.
The direct effects of higher taxes and spending cuts, which take effect in January, will probably not be felt immediately.
Results of the interviews and field surveys suggest, in general, that partners perceive some direct effects of rotation on audit quality.
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"For most economic statistics, any direct effects of the Olympics will be mainly seen in the August estimates, " the ONS said.
The direct effects of the housing downturn would have been confined to the United States, and the possible knock-on effects on trade did not look so bad.
The effects were so large and persistent that they could not be attributed to the direct effects of the grants: people could not have sold enough milk, eggs or meat to explain the income gains.
But the debate is still important, because it will likely set the tone of energy policy for at least the next decade--and ultimately have direct effects on what you could end up paying for food, cars and electricity during that time.
But the bigger point I want to draw from these studies is that while they both emphasize the positive impacts of school choice, they both focus on the direct effects which are not the most important benefits we would expect competition to bring.
This is a sustainable, environmentally friendly product concept that has direct educational effects.
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The direct wealth effects of the crisis are the least of it.
Whatever the source, the researchers are concerned that this warming can lead to more melting and have direct and indirect effects on global sea levels.
BBC: West Antarctic Ice Sheet warming twice earlier estimate
The UN has appointed a special rapporteur on the right to food, Olivier De Schutter, who has sharply criticised the direct and indirect effects of biofuels on the poor.
The fundamental point is that, in the presence of inelastic supply curves, demand-side subsidies face a headwind of adverse price effects, while direct public provision gets a tail wind of favorable price effects.
But even as money is lost, epistemological profit is gained, distilled through the learning effects of direct experience.
Confining the scope to direct costs may miss broader economic effects.
The snag with ready-reckoners is that they look only at the direct impact and ignore the possible effects of a jump in oil prices on consumer and business sentiment or on share prices.
Among his suggestions: better methods for tracking drug side effects, substantially less direct-to-consumer advertising, and giving the FDA the legislative authority to force drugmakers to conduct trials that fully examine the risks of their medicines.
The devolution of the center position reflects a series of indirect effects and outcomes rather than direct managerial choices.
Katrina's inflationary effects, it concluded, were more worrying than its direct impact on GDP growth.
MSPs create value by facilitating direct connections between multiple types of affiliated customers, which most often leads to network effects.
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Even if the direct impact on the world economy of higher oil prices is modest, the indirect effects could be larger.
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