Equally important are the engineering practices of Extreme Programming (XP), particularly test-driven development, simplicity of design, pair programming and re-factoring (upgrading and simplifying) software code.

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In the early 1990s, my work focused on combining the rigid vocabulary of computer programming with the playful possibilities of art and design.

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Mr. Villareal did just that, coming up with the design, overseeing the installation and programming the sequencing of lights.

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The company also draws on generative programming to automate some parts of code writing and on intentional programming, which captures a programmer's initial design plans as code, in a more natural form than binary algebra.

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