Herman started bidding on jobs, sometimes taking a design fee and sometimes a percentage of sales.

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Apple using that design without paying a fee is clearly trying to use for free what someone else is already paying for.

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The fixed fee model works for design stages with easily defined goals that are unlikely to change, while parts with less clear objectives are better served via time and materials.

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Any entity seeking to issue a bond in the United States will be required to pay a registration fee (which will be, by design, smaller than the amounts currently charged by any one rating agency).

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