• It points out that EU rules mean deficits are not allowed in defined benefit schemes which cross national borders.

    BBC: Scotland politics

  • For example, the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) will provide some new protection for members of private sector defined benefit schemes, where the employer is insolvent and the scheme is under-funded.

    BBC: Analysis

  • The letter - written by the Charity Finance Group, National Council for Voluntary Organisations and the National Association for Voluntary and Community Action - expressed concern for up to 5, 000 UK charities in "multi-employer defined benefit schemes".

    BBC: Scene of Enniskillen bomb in 1987

  • But both venerable British savings institutions are in the decline in the UK. There are some who believe that most defined benefit schemes will be wound up within half a century, so they're unlikely to be buyers of debt that will outlive them.

    BBC: Should Osborne borrow for 100 years?

  • Companies have also, sensibly, been switching from defined-benefit schemes, under which the company bears the risk of maintaining pension payments, to defined-contribution plans, in which the risk lies with individual pensioners.

    ECONOMIST: Occupational pensions

  • If that continues, companies will surely become even more reluctant to stick with their defined-benefit schemes.

    ECONOMIST: Company pensions

  • In 1995 some 5m private employees were building up entitlements in defined-benefit schemes open to new members.

    ECONOMIST: Bagehot

  • Once women began to work, typically part-time, and once employees began to switch jobs, defined-benefit schemes became inequitable.

    ECONOMIST: Pensions: How's your pension doing? | The

  • The biggest setback has been in private defined-benefit schemes, which pay pensions linked to years of service and final salaries.

    ECONOMIST: Pensions

  • Legislation eventually righted some of those wrongs, but defined-benefit schemes are not well suited to the pattern of many people's lives.

    ECONOMIST: Pensions: How's your pension doing? | The

  • Most defined-benefit schemes have either a set retirement age or a mandatory number of contribution years before a full pension can be drawn.

    ECONOMIST: All hands on deck

  • Although some firms may dip into profits to plug newly exposed gaps, many more will continue the trend of junking defined-benefit schemes altogether.

    ECONOMIST: European pension accounting

  • That is already happening, with the decline of companies' defined-benefit schemes.

    ECONOMIST: Older workers

  • For companies, defined-benefit schemes force an impossible choice.

    ECONOMIST: Pensions: How's your pension doing? | The

  • The IFS estimates that employer-sponsored pensions are twice as common, and also more generous, among state employees than in the private sector, where defined-benefit schemes of the kind the government wants to curtail are becoming increasingly rare.

    ECONOMIST: Strikes and pensions

  • The rising burden of defined-benefit schemes is forcing some firms to restrict them to existing staff and to put new recruits into new, defined-contribution schemes, thereby transferring to the employee the risk of low investment returns in the future.

    ECONOMIST: The bear facts about pensions

  • If so, more firms than ever will close their defined-benefit schemes (in America, only about a fifth of all workers are covered by one now) and the investment risk inherent in saving for retirement will fall on the untrained individual.

    ECONOMIST: Buttonwood

  • ESOPs are, by and large, more likely to offer employees traditional, defined-benefit pension schemes, which insulate workers from the vagaries of share-price movements.

    ECONOMIST: Economics focus

  • And how would EU solvency requirements for defined benefit and hybrid pensions schemes be met across the UK if Scotland became an independent country?

    BBC: Scotland politics

  • Final-salary, or defined-benefit (DB), schemes are in place for long-serving workers.

    ECONOMIST: Pensions rules get complex again

  • Defined-benefit pension funds are anyway being consigned to the dustbin, in favour of defined-contribution schemes.

    ECONOMIST: Buttonwood: Which side are you on? | The

  • Many companies have abandoned final-salary or defined-benefit (DB) pensions for new staff and switched to defined-contribution (DC) schemes, in large part because of the high cost of the former.

    ECONOMIST: How low real interest rates hurt pension funds

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