Yet last week, Asian and European finance ministers reached no consensus on defensive measures.
To deal with such attacks, it is essential to have continuing efforts on defensive measures.
Pentagon spokesman Geoff Morrell defended Gates' decision to deploy defensive measures around Hawaii.
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He has made significant strides towards enhancing homeland security, through legal and intelligence techniques and defensive measures.
Other defensive measures, such as converting non-voting shares into common stock, and paying a special dividend, also look reassuringly shareholder-friendly.
One would allow national supervisors to give company boards the right to devise defensive measures to deter predators, without first obtaining shareholder approval.
As Chairman Greenspan used to say about deflation, the probability may be low but the consequences would be dire enough to warrant defensive measures.
To date, U.S. cyber efforts have been focused mainly on defensive measures, seeking to repel network intruders in a fashion that Alexander likens to the famously failed Maginot Line.
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Many defensive measures come at a high price.
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Software tools are available to monitor what employees are saying on social media to avoid compliance issues, but few firms have moved beyond defensive measures to adopting social media strategies which make it easy for advisors to proactively interact with social media, he added.
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Finally, much like the risk equation information security professionals use when deciding what defensive measures to put in place, in essence figuring out if the benefit of a protective measure exceeds its cost (in money, resource time, etc.), attackers are at least subconsciously using a similar mechanism.
Still, both have a responsibility to understand that any hope this country has of deterring and, if necessary, of defeating chemical attack will lie not in wishing the threat away but in remaining prepared to deal with it -- both through defensive measures and through the credible threat to respond in kind.
It was a goal to suggest that the age of austerity ushered in by West Ham's new ownership, whose cost-cutting measures reportedly include regulating the use of lighting and heating at Upton Park, does not stretch to defensive matters.
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