Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, pumps millions of gallons of water mixed with fine sand and chemicals deep into oil and gas wells to crack gas-bearing rock.
Oil and gas this deep in the earth is often as hot as 450 degrees and at pressures 2, 000 times atmospheric.
Fracking uses high-pressure mixtures of water, sand or gravel and chemicals to crack rock formations and release oil and natural gas deep underground.
From offshore oil to previously inaccessible gas deep in the earth, the federal domain is poised for an energy renaissance.
Until recently, oil and gas produced from deep-water fields have been brought to the surface and transported to onshore processing facilities.
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He has tried to convince the Obama administration that one of the keys to America's energy security lies in the oil and gas in the deep waters of the Gulf.
The WDCS says one problem is the expansion of oil and gas exploration into the deep seas and the resulting growth in seismic testing to find fossil fuel deposits.
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Meanwhile, back in North America, new techniques were being developed to extract oil and natural gas from shale formations deep underground, from tar sands in Canada, and from deep water in the Gulf of Mexico.
But many here are beginning to brace for change as the Illinois Legislature considers regulations that could set off a rush among energy companies to drill deep in the southern Illinois bedrock for oil and natural gas.
Ultra Deep wells are fantastically expensive, especially for a small oil and gas exploration company such as McMoran.
Fracking involves injecting water, sand and some chemicals deep into the earth to crack shale rock, which frees oil and gas.
High oil prices and dwindling land reserves are pushing oil and gas companies to exploit hydrocarbon reserves that lie deep under the ocean.
Few have the background in oil and gas engineering to help Petrobras expand its operations in deep sea drilling off the Atlantic.
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Milford Haven is a natural deep water port that handles around a fifth of the UK's energy through oil and gas imports.
For many countries, though, the first booty from any newly acquired seabed will be either oil or gas, both of which can now be extracted fairly easily from deep water.
The sands yielding oil and gas discoveries are universally similar from onshore Louisiana to far offshore in the deep water.
They had been looking for oil and lacked the technology back then to extract gas from waters more than 3000 feet deep, or pipe it ashore for conversion to LNG.
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He pointed to the shale-gas revolution in the U.S., along with deep-water and heavy oil, as examples of how Mexico can benefit from new technologies that boost energy output, lower prices and create jobs.
As production and exploration companies use unorthodox methods to tap into large reserves of oil and gas in the U.S., both on the mainland and out in deep sea wells, MLPs are set to benefit.
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In fact, diversification of the economy away from its dependency on oil and gas, is riding in the air, and the Forum panels had this thrust running deep.
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