Mr Young complained that the Forest Service had begun to manage its lands according to the tenets of a movement called Deep Ecology, which espouses a set of beliefs drawn from various philosophies and eastern religions.

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It was held with the participation of Mr. Douglas Tompkins, President of Foundation for Deep Ecology and Chair of the First Global Private Donor Forum, and Mr. Takuya Okada, Chairman of AEON Environmental Foundation, and called upon its participants to move forward towards private financial commitment for biodiversity conservation.

FORBES: The Future of Life On Earth: A Two-Part Discussion

Hornaday, and in the Deep Ecology movement, associated with Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher and mountaineer, who, in the early seventies, noticed that some environmentalists had begun arguing that no species was of greater worth than another, and that ecosystems should be protected for their own sake, not simply to benefit mankind.

NEWYORKER: Neptune��s Navy

At its best, says Mary Evelyn Tucker of Yale University's Forum on Religion and Ecology, environmental theology goes deep inside the metaphysical ideas that underpin ancient faiths while also celebrating what believers actually do, from tending forests to limiting their food intake.

ECONOMIST: Religion and climate change