In the case of traditional phones such as feature phones, terminal manufacturers have incorporated a protection mechanism called "secret mode" or "privacy mode" in their phones by developing dedicated application software and dedicated content file formats as a set.
This made it difficult to realize personal content protection with a set of dedicated application software and dedicated content file formats in an open environment like Android, since a variety of applications freely developed by third-parties started to be downloaded and executed.
In September 2011, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) teamed up with the ISPs to launch the Center for Copyright Information, a body dedicated to deterring copyright infringement and advising consumers on legal file sharing options.