Consumers reduced their debt exposure, and save 5% of their income vs. 1% in 2008.
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In Europe there are the same stubborn issues of sovereign debt exposure and austerity drives.
Investors need the local currency debt exposure to get the high yield.
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Worries about Europe were slamming stocks across the board Wednesday including the likes of Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, which dropped 9% and 8.2%, respectively, after disclosing their Italian debt exposure in quarterly filings, and General Motors, which saw shares dive 10.9% after dialing back its expectations to break-even in Europe for the year.
There are rumours that Greek banks have also been keen sellers of credit-default swaps on sovereign Greek debt, in effect doubling up on their exposure to a debt crisis.
The European sovereign debt crisis has already extended beyond the Old Continent and claimed victims in the U.S. MF Global, headed former Goldman Sachs chief Jon Corzine, fell because of its exposure to peripheral debt, while Jefferies came after pressure for its exposure (which it cut in half over the weekend).
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Like Japan then, China today has a strong demand for housing, fuelled by fast growth and rapid urbanisation, and a tolerable exposure to debt.
Much of the recent fall in the ringgit and the Thai baht has come as local businesses have rushed to cover their exposure to debt in dollars.
Emerging economies were growing fast, she said, but low interest rates in advanced economies were prompting them to build up debt and foreign exchange exposure that could cause trouble.
And the size of the fee each bank owes will be based on its size and exposure to debt, so that we are recovering tax dollars while promoting reform of the banking practices that contributed to this crisis.
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Who, pray tell, has the exposure to the debt issued by the most troubled European nations?
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Two weeks ago, Merrill Lynch warned it would take a 50-cent-a-share loss from exposure to bad debt.
French banks have been in the eye of the storm for their exposure to peripheral debt, particularly to Greek sovereigns.
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Just as in the mortgage market, the finance houses are looking to limit their exposure to bad debt and to increase margins.
With a growing customer base, on-line exposure, minimal debt and very few assets, when the global economic crisis hit in 2008, Aramex was in prime position.
Their tool kits are noticeably lacking in immediate responses to a crisis that affects not only one, but each and every euro zone nation that has bank exposure to troubled debt.
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But much as Lehman became a crisis owing to uncertainty about how its collapse would be handled, so does an Italy that delayed necessary austerity weigh on markets today due to vast exposure to its debt.
That reality last week triggered a run by dollar depositors on European banks with exposure to government debt prompting the U.S. Federal Reserve to make emergency loans to the European Central bank so it, in turn, could provide dollar liquidity to its member banks.
In Europe, banks are facing funding difficulties amid concerns about their exposure to unpayable government debt.
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Not accounted for in these sovereign debt numbers is the banks' exposure to off-balance-sheet items, equities and commercial and residential loans in PIIGS countries.
About a year ago, in the wake of the collapse of MF Global, the market set its crosshairs on Jefferies, another firm feared to have excessive exposure to eurozone sovereign debt.
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As well as trying to forge an overall financing package, lawmakers were meeting to decide the fate of the country's second largest lender Laiki which was hardest hit from its exposure to bad Greek debt.
Proponents of the Cypriot account levy argue that this way gets foreigners who have taken advantage of Cyprus's low-tax regime to share the cost of the bailout of the country's banks, which have been hit hard by their over-exposure to bad Greek debt.
Mr. Hyland says his firm, Muzinich, has now reduced its exposure to emerging-market debt because of wider concerns about global growth and because the market has been saturated with new bonds.
We still own Japanese debt, but we have hedged the currency exposure of our entire Japanese government bond position.
Reflecting these concerns, the Federal Reserve is considering another cycle of bank stress tests to determine the exposure of US banks to European debt crisis.
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The announcement capped days of speculation about O'Neal's future as chief executive of Merrill , which is reeling from its outsized exposure to credit derivatives and subprime debt.
The announcement capped days of speculation about O'Neal's future as chief executive of Merrill (nyse: MER - news - people ), which is reeling from its outsized exposure to credit derivatives and subprime debt.
He uses futures and derivatives to dial up and down the exposure to, say, foreign sovereign debt.
Today people can invest in mutual funds and ETFs that offer variable levels of exposure to equities, bonds and even sovereign debt in emerging markets.
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