"These chemicals have been shown to affect the foraging behaviour of bees and damage bee brain function, " said Rachel Sharp, the chief executive officer of Wildlife Trusts Wales.

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They also scavenge (detoxify) peoxynitrites and reverse part of their damage including partially restoring function to receptors involved in short-term memory, mood, sleep, smell, social recognition, alertness, and brain growth, increasing the transport of glucose reducing delusions and wandering, improving neurotransmissions by decreasing the hyperphosphorylation and tau proteins, and inhibiting the influx of calcium which kills neurons.

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This operation is intended to restore bladder function to people with spina bifida, a congenital defect that causes nerve damage and a loss of sensation and muscle function below the waist.

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Kidney function tests are done to assess for damage.

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With vegetative patients the brain injury causes sufficient damage to leave them with nothing but core reflexes and no higher cognitive function.

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And it's not just the returns, or lack thereof, there is also collateral damage in the fact that today many endowments and foundations are increasingly outsourcing their CIO function.

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But surgery comes with as much as an 80% likelihood of impotence, caused by damage to one or both of the adjacent cavernosal nerves that are responsible for erectile function.

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He successfully returned to the game after treatment, but in May 2003 he was put on dialysis three times a week due to deterioration in his kidney function, with the treatment's side effects leaving him with severe nerve damage in his feet and legs.

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