Vitamin D is essential for bone and muscle health in both adults and children.
Cliff Rosen, past president of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, agreed that there isn't much data showing calcium-and-vitamin-D supplements can prevent bone fractures.
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And of course vitamin D is key to building bone health and preventing osteoporosis.
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When combined with adequate daily intakes of calcium, vitamin D helps build and preserve bone, helps prevent osteoporosis and helps decrease fracture risk.
Scientific evidence shows that vitamin D and calcium help to treat bone loss.
Since the 1930s, most milk in the U.S. has been fortified with D to prevent rickets, a bone-softening disease.
As well, eating a healthy diet and consuming sufficient calcium and vitamin D continue to be crucial for bone health in middle age and beyond.
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Dr Richard Keen of the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London said people on osteoporosis treatment should not overlook the importance of ensuring that they were also getting enough vitamin D, which is important for bone health.
Calcium is involved in bone growth and maintenance, while vitamin D helps bones absorb the calcium.
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Overuse of vitamin D, a substance that promotes the growth of bone and teeth in children, can be particularly toxic, as can overuse of the mineral iron by older adults.
Outdoor play can provide vitamin D, too, which is linked not just to bone health but to reduced asthma symptoms, eczema severity, and diabetes.
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"I'd have a lot more confidence if you could give me a bone sample, " he said.
That means getting enough calcium and vitamin D, exercising regularly, and, in some cases, taking bone-strengthening drugs such as bisphosphonates.
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