Ghai notes that he has been cautious on the provider of enterprise wireless networking gear ahead of an expected upgrade cycle in expectations that a shift to the higher speed 802.11ac standard could cause a pause in the market.

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Fortunately for him, several years later a shift in clan enmities and alliances ended the whole cycle of revenge killings and united both clans against a common enemy, a neighboring tribe.

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The Amazon forest provides a relevant example: due to the interaction of deforestation, fire and climate change, it is predicted that the Amazon could undergo a widespread dieback in the future, with parts of the forest moving into a self-perpetuating cycle of more frequent fires and intense droughts, leading to a shift to savanna-like vegetation.

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Rather than explaining the cycle in terms of market failure, as Keynes did, real business-cycle theory views a recession as the optimal response by households and firms to a shift in productivity.

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