The bad actors have been hackers, cyber criminals, and nation states that engage in cyber espionage.
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This is a historically significant development for those of us who track cyber espionage.
You can see the difference between these unfolding events and previous claims of cyber espionage.
Beijing has been accused by several governments and companies of carrying out cyber espionage for many years.
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While not commenting directly, he described cyber espionage as a "very important challenge".
There have been so many examples of cyber espionage that it is now the norm to just accept that it is rampant.
As yet there is no clear sign that the attacks are linked to a wider, Chinese-led cyber espionage campaign against the U.S. government.
The proliferation of cyber attacks over the past decade has meant more companies are now aware of the dangers from malware and cyber espionage.
Unit 61398 has for some time been suspected by the US of being central to China's cyber espionage programme, the New York Times reports.
U.S. officials draw a distinction between cyber espionage and cyberattacks, which have a destructive or manipulative purpose and could be considered an act of war.
The cyber espionage activities described by the researchers are cyberspying techniques employed by the U.S., Israel and a number of other countries, cybersecurity specialists said.
We believe that APT1 is able to wage such a long-running and extensive cyber espionage campaign in large part because it receives direct government support.
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Xue Zhi, a cyber-security professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, tells Global Times that a Reuters report linking him to cyber espionage is "utterly ludicrous".
"We believe that APT1 is able to wage such a long-running and extensive cyber espionage campaign in large part because it receives direct government support, " said Mandiant.
Moreover it poses the single biggest national cyber espionage threat.
Washington could challenge Chinese cyber espionage with targeted economic sanctions.
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Thanks to a hacker group in India, InfosecIsland has source material that demonstrates wide spread cyber espionage on the part of the Indian Government which the hackers may publish.
Signals intelligence is a significant source of Chinese intelligence collection, and there is growing public concern over the impacts of cyber espionage incidents that appear to originate in China.
However, Beijing has been accused by several governments, foreign companies and organisations of carrying out extensive cyber espionage for many years, seeking to gather information and to control China's image.
The Chinese government directly sponsors and supports an army unit responsible for systematic cyber espionage and data theft around the world, according to a new report from computer security firm Mandiant.
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The most prolific of these actors is APT1, which Mandiant says is "a single organisation of operators that has conducted a cyber espionage campaign against a broad range of victims since at least 2006".
Rumors that the telecoms are or could become conduits for Chinese government-sponsored cyber espionage or cyber attacks on so-called critical infrastructure in the United States have been swirling around Washington for a few years.
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At a time when cyber espionage by Russia and China is one of the greatest threats to U.S. national security today, Intel is helping build a billion-dollar honey trap (aka Skolkovo) for U.S. companies in Russia.
To sum up, when the Kremlin opposes dissidents (inside the Russian Federation or members of the Commonwealth of Independent States), we see denial of service, SQL injections, and other types of cyber attacks including cyber espionage being conducted against those groups.
"From our observations, it is one of the most prolific cyber espionage groups in terms of the sheer quantity of information stolen, " it said, adding that it was "likely government-sponsored and one of the most persistent of China's cyber threat actors".
There is no money to steal on the electrical grid, nor is there any intelligence value that would justify cyber espionage: The only point to penetrating the grid's controls is to counter American military superiority by threatening to damage the underpinning of the U.S. economy.
Meanwhile, media in China continue to express anger at the US for accusing Beijing of "industrial cyber-espionage".
State media accuse the US government of ulterior motives in raising concerns over China's military-build-up and alleged state-backed cyber-espionage.
Questions regarding those who are ultimately responsible for this cyber-espionage network remain unanswered.
Under current conditions, cybercrime, cyber-espionage, and cyberattacks can be directed remotely, with the perpetrator's identity and location a secret.
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