Thus, applying CVD duties and antidumping duties against imports from NME countries double counts the amount of the subsidy and results in a double tax on imports.
The CVD Taskforce paper can be downloaded in the journals Global Heart, Circulation, the European Heart Journal, and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Hungry entrepreneurialism has turned PPD into one of the largest and leanest providers of clinical trial services to the drug and biotech industries ( Covance (nyse: CVD - news - people ) and private Quintiles are the biggest overall).
In not applying the CVD law to NMEs during that period, the Commerce Department was being consistent: if prices and other market signals are unreliable or fictitious in Country A for purposes of antidumping determinations, then they cannot be reliable or useable for purposes of measuring the benefits of subsidies in Country A in CVD cases.