PepsiCo scientists grew cultured cells, injected the genetic sequences of the four known taste receptors (leaving out salt) into them, and then hardwired the cells to a computer.
Physicists have their particle accelerators and biologists their cultured cells.
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Not only does it deal with the problem of rejection (because the stem cells used are the patient's own), but cultured cells are much more consistent than the potentially damaged material that tends to result from abortions.
Biologicals are made in living cells--usually bacteria, yeast or cultured mammalian cells that have been reprogrammed by the introduction of new genetic material to synthesize the drug, which is then highly purified.
Henk Haagsman, a meat scientist at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, is trying to make minced pork from cultured stem cells with the backing of Stegeman, a sausage company.
They are spending hundreds of millions of dollars to build manufacturing plants--giant bio-vats that hold millions of gallons of cultured mammal cells--in order to develop new protein drugs to treat cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's.
Dr Pier and his team began their work by looking at cells cultured from a cystic-fibrosis patient.
However, it is likely that one of Intercytex's methods involves supplying this factor to cultured dermal papilla cells.
The tests will use stem cells cultured from embryos left over in fertility clinics, which otherwise would have been discarded.
He injected stem cells he had cultured from his patients into mouse brains and found that they successfully differentiated into the various cell types found in the nervous system.
The NIH said the scientists who developed these stem cells lines have told the agency that the stem cells are viable and can be frozen and cultured and have been through more than one population doubling.
Like embryonic stem cells, these new adult stem cells will divide again and again without appearing to age if cultured in the right conditions.
Then the team cultured the dividing eggs until they had formed structures called blastocysts, with a few dozen cells each.
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