This criticism led Disney to take extra care when adding culturally specific elements to their parks in both Hong Kong and Tokyo.

BBC: Different Disneylands around the world

Critics of Mr de Soto contend that he is selling a simplistic universal solution to many different, often culturally specific, obstacles to capitalism or sources of terrorism.

ECONOMIST: Face value

Indeed, the lengths to which Mr de Soto went in Peru to help make coca-growing farmers of the Amazon feel included enough to reject the Shining Path were extremely culturally specific.

ECONOMIST: Face value

"WhatsApp is doing quite well in emerging markets, but you have local players who are outstripping it simply because they are more culturally specific and can therefore outshine the US firm, " said Neha Dharia, an analyst at Ovum.

BBC: Asha 210

To presume that women only choose entertainment based on culturally-accepted gender-specific reasons is insulting to both genders.

FORBES: How Hollywood Markets to Women by Reinforcing Gender Stereotypes