But Marcello Cozzi, vice-president of Libera, a main anti-mafia organisation in Italy, says the mafia does not do business that is easily quantified.

BBC: Italy's mafia makes 'less profit than believed'

The chances of male parent to baby transmission is small, especially using ICSI, but Dr Jean Cozzi, from Jean Verdier Hospital near Paris, said that the technique could provide reassurance to parents desperate to avoid even the slightest chance.

BBC: Sperm heating could foil HIV