Our ancestors endured shocking variations in climate - Events often matched changes in the Sun's behaviour - Rare atoms made by cosmic rays signal those changes - When their production increased, the world was chilled - But are the cosmic rays the agent, or merely a symptom?
It would necessarily be beamed energy of gamma-rays, x-rays, and cosmic rays resulting either from the merger of two neutron stars.
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The series -- about a group of space explorers given various superpowers after being hit by cosmic rays -- began a new era for Marvel Comics, signaling the start of their wave of Silver Age characters, including Spider-Man, the X-Men, the Hulk, Iron Man and many more.
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Using the first completed section of the NOvA neutrino detector, scientists have begun collecting data from cosmic rays-particles produced by a constant rain of atomic nuclei falling on the Earth's atmosphere from space .
High-energy cosmic rays are caused by black holes consuming stars.
Interestingly, an April 18 paper in the journal Nature reported that upper limits for neutrinos measured from IceCube are low enough that gamma-ray bursts are unlikely to be the sole source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
This is predicted due to important modulating cloud-forming influences of cosmic rays throughout periods of reduced sunspot activity.
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Many prominent scientists predict that this is likely due to important modulating cloud-forming influences of cosmic rays throughout periods of reduced sunspot activity.
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Collisions between the cosmic rays and the slower-moving protons that exist in the gas and the dust around a supernova should produce subatomic particles called neutral pions.
As noted in the paper, the IPCC models also fail to incorporate climate modulating effects of solar changes such as cloud-forming influences of cosmic rays throughout periods of reduced sunspot activity.
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These are thought to be the sources of cosmic rays, which are high-velocity charged particles (mainly protons) that constantly bombard the earth.
It has been detecting a rise in the number of high-energy particles, or cosmic rays, coming towards it from interstellar space, while at the same time recording a decline in the intensity of energetic particles coming from behind, from our Sun.
In 1966 Kenneth Greisen, Vadim Kuzmin and Georgiy Zatsepin showed that high-energy charged particles (cosmic rays are mostly atomic nuclei, and thus positively charged) should be slowed by collisions with the photons of the cosmic microwave background (radiation left over from the Big Bang that permeates all space).
While the walls of the Inspiration Mars spacecraft will initially be lined with water-filled bags to guard against cosmic rays, their contents will be gradually replaced with er, byproduct that will be dehydrated through the bag (possibly using polyethylene) to reclaim and purify water for drinking.
Beyond low-Earth orbit, astronauts are bombarded with harmful cosmic rays, which can boost the risk of certain diseases such as cancer and neurological damage.
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And when the solar wind is stronger, it is better at shielding the earth from high-energy charged particles from outer space known as cosmic rays.
This shield does not stop all the cosmic rays from getting though, and its effectiveness varies with the long-term changes in the activity of the Sun, which can rise and fall on a timescale of centuries.
When cosmic rays pass through the NOvA detector, they leave straight tracks and deposit well-known amounts of energy.
That Tron-ish, equalizer-like graphic is actually a 3D representation of particle activity left behind by cosmic rays interacting within NOvA, the Department of Energy's under construction neutrino detector.
The Sun's magnetic field and solar wind - mainly in the form of electrons and protons coming out of the Sun - protects the entire Solar System by acting as a sort of shield from cosmic rays (very energetic particles and radiation from outer space).
Jude Medical (nyse: STJ - news - people ) failed because of susceptibility of a component to damage caused by cosmic rays.
X-rays and gamma rays that Eros gives off in response to bombardment by solar and cosmic radiation.
Certain characteristics--the amount of heating, for instance--betray all but a handful of the bellringers as boringly normal particles, such as cosmic rays.
While he wasn't the first to leap into the field, he established the University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank Observatory to study cosmic rays in 1945 and organized the construction of what would ultimately be called the Lovell Telescope -- a radio telescope so large and useful that it's still the third-largest steerable example in the world, 55 years after it was first put into action.
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Built for a two-year mission, the robot was more likely to last ten, with components hardened against cosmic rays and extreme temperature swings.
Although there were no machines for detecting them systematically before 1935, cosmic rays have left their footprints in the geological record by creating radioactive elements such as the carbon-14 used in carbon-dating.
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