Azerbaijan also gets a poor rating in the corruption index compiled by Transparency International.
Italy ranked 69th of 180 countries in Transparency International's 2011 corruption index, lower than Saudi Arabia.
Scandinavian countries, which perennially rank among the least corrupt in the corruption index, had the fewest unpaid tickets.
The gallery above contains a list of foreign aid given to various countries along with their corruption index score.
El Salvador, for example, pays its bureaucrats far more than the average factory worker but still ranks towards the bottom of the corruption index.
The study, remember, argues that a doubling of the relative wages of civil servants is needed to reduce a country's score on the corruption index by a single unit.
Singapore has the best ranking in the corruption index, but it is the only one among the 25 countries in the sample that pays its bureaucrats more than twice the average manufacturing wage.
The relationship is strong enough, Ms Van Rijckeghem and Ms Weder reckon, to suggest that raising average civil-service pay from 100% to 200% of the manufacturing wage reduces corruption by about one unit in the corruption index.
Transparency International's corruption-perceptions index suggests that corruption is rife: in 2010, on a scale from one (the worst) to ten, Western Europe's five most populous countries received an average score of 6.5, whereas the three most populous countries in the Middle East averaged 3.2 (Turkey scored 4.4, Egypt 3.1 and Iran 2.2).
Russia ranked 133 out of 174 in Transparency International's 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index.
Berlin-based Transparency International ranked Azerbaijan 139th out of 176 countries in its 2012 Corruption Perception Index.
Transparency International's 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index gathered views on 176 countries worldwide.
Corruption is also prevalent, with Angola ranked 157th out of 176 countries and territories on Transparency International's 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index.
Transparency International - an organization tackling corruption -- ranked Croatia below Rwanda, Jordan and Cuba in its Corruption Perceptions Index for 2012.
The anti-corruption group Transparency International puts out an annual Corruption Perception Index.
Corruption further exacerbates discontent among the population, with Angola ranked 168th out of 183 countries on Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.
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Angola ranked 168th out of 183 countries on Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index, and was 148th out of 187 countries in the U.N.
Transparency International recently ranked Angola a lowly 168 out of 182 countries in its " Corruption Perceptions Index" but Dos Santos says that the fund will be beholden to international best practices, and transparent.
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Let's look at the U.S. Over the past few years, traditional measures of corruption, such as the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International, have placed the U.S. among the least corrupt nations in the world, currently ranking No. 18 among 180 rated countries.
This may be, the authors say, because relative pay levels are unlikely to have changed enough even over a dozen years to show up on an index of corruption that is broad and subjective to begin with.
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