Lapus Lapus Island, an easy dive for beginners, has variegated soft corals, spiny lionfish and rainbow-coloured nudibranches (molluscs).
Patch reef: small colonies of corals, sometimes less than 10 m (33 ft) in diameter.
Not the great marine biologist himself, unfortunately, but his definitive study of reef-building corals of Australia.
FORBES: Is the Great Barrier Reef Doomed? One of the World's Leading Coral Scientists Thinks So
Brilliant corals were arranged in glass-fronted cabinets, in the manner of an apothecary shop.
The house was filled with vintage objects: repurposed corbels and bricks, bone-white corals alongside mercury glass.
Every place you look, from corals in great barrier reef, to polar bear tracks.
FORBES: Antarctic Temperatures Are Rising Twice As Fast As Previously Predicted
In the Red Sea, we were the first ever to film the fluorescence in Eritrean corals.
Otherwise the corals would treat the algae as a parasite or invader and attempt to kill it.
Acidity levels affect corals and other creatures' abilities to form their skeletons, a process known as calcification.
Bleaching damages corals and is a sign that marine life is stressed by a number of factors.
Coral reef: complex tropical marine ecosystem dominated by soft and stony (hard) corals, anemones and sea fans.
"Most people think coral takes forever to grow, but some of these corals grow really fast, " he said.
Corals are easily damaged by pollution and destructive fishing practices, and it takes decades for them to re-grow.
When too much of this gas dissolves in sea water, corals build skeletons only with the greatest difficulty.
These form the basis of a typical community of organisms made up of cold corals, sponges and the like.
Stony corals are microscopic animals with an outer skeleton of calcium carbonate that form colonies and are responsible for reef-building.
During the expedition, scientists have already observed and documented previously unexplored shipwrecks, and deep-sea corals and associated communities of life.
Diving on the Great Barrier Reef for several days, I saw a bewildering variety of corals in every shape and size.
FORBES: Is the Great Barrier Reef Doomed? One of the World's Leading Coral Scientists Thinks So
Corals have been a highly successful life form for 250 million years.
The team is still "training" the software that will control the bots to "recognise" corals and distinguish them from other sea objects.
The impact is already noticeable in areas where corals have been transplanted.
Dr Tsien's contribution was to tinker with the GFP gene, and the genes of related proteins found in corals, to produce other colours.
"We must focus on helping corals to adapt to climate change and on diverting people away from destructive practices such as overfishing, " Linden said.
The stressful conditions make corals release the algae -- their source of food -- and thereby effectively starve themselves to death in the process.
Conducted by bottom trawling, it results in more than eighty per cent bycatch, and countless plants and corals have been uprooted and dumped overboard.
But while the cooling effects of these particles may be keeping the corals from growing, according to this work, it might also be preventing bleaching.
BBC: Particles from fossil fuels 'affect the growth of corals'
But corals are not self-sufficient, say the authors of the report.
According to Science Daily, if the corals do not recover the algae "within a few days" of expelling them, the coral reefs eventually crumble and die.
Watch sea cucumbers dance and crabs scurry amongst deep corals?
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