This process for copying DNA again and again revolutionized genetics in 1983 and is based on something cells do naturally.

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Even the process of copying must have imparted to the private firms some useful engineering skills that the SOEs have yet really to develop.

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For years biologists made DNA in a tedious process that involved copying thousands of DNA molecules and checking them for errors by putting them back into cells.

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In cuisine, as in fashion, copying is a critical part of the creative process.

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