Dr Cooper and Julien Reboud, also from the University of Glasgow, have now developed a way to carry out the entire PCR process mixing, heating and cooling, as well as analysis using a single piezoelectric source, without the need for separate heating elements or detection equipment.

ECONOMIST: Acoustic microfluidics

But homeowners often also do a more comprehensive energy audit that includes analysis of heating and cooling.

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The 5 year moving SST temperature average shows that the warming trend peaked in 2003 and a simple regression analysis shows an eight year global SST cooling trend since then .

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