It is difficult to calculate the exact, cumulative effect of such a contraction.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy

This was because she experienced a known side-effect called 'capsular contraction', when the tissue around the implant hardens causing discomfort and distortion.

BBC: PIP - one woman's story of replacing her leaking implants

Manufacturing's contraction left many communities with fewer jobs and residents, triggering a ripple effect for other businesses.

WSJ: Dreams of Binghamton