Carnival's contract prohibits a class action suit, but Hickey said he's not sure whether it is legally enforceable.
He seamlessly switches from asbestos lawsuits, which involve individual plaintiffs who each signed a contract with their lawyer, and class actions where lawyers purport to act on behalf of thousands or millions of people who may not even know the case exists.
While the central issue involves an arbitration contract, this case is really about the economics of class actions, which allow lawyers to bundle together hundreds or millions of small claims into a very powerful weapon to induce companies to settle on their terms.
There has to be a contract for a contract to include a clause preventing the consumer from joining a class action.
The two world-class teams that competed for the Eagle P3 project contract proposed many alternative technical concepts (ATCs), many of which are being incorporated into the project.
"I got a central contract at 20 when I had only played 10 first-class games, which probably wasn't enough to warrant a place in the England team, " he told BBC Sport.
On the plaintiff side, class-action lawyers have an incentive to hire inexpensive contract attorneys, work them for thousands of hours, and present those hours to the court at a much higher price as justification for their fees, which a judge must approve.
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The typical practice in securities class actions, according to lawyers on both sides I have spoken with, is to hire contract attorneys to perform the grunt work of sifting through millions of pages of documents obtained in discovery.
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In a proposed class action lawsuit filed in San Francisco federal court on Friday, a California Instagram user leveled breach of contract and other claims against the company.
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