Dr Penrose's version of events is that the universe did not come into existence at the Big Bang but instead passes through a continuous cycle of aeons.

ECONOMIST: Cosmology

The production cycle he sees is the opposite of the theoretical model of continuous improvement.

ECONOMIST: Why so many Chinese products are born to be bad

Without a clear objective, the cycle of chores that kept the Farley running the continuous battle against rust and decrepitude became tedious, eroding morale each day.

NEWYORKER: Neptune��s Navy

While most big firms today are still mired in the Traditional Economy of the Great Stagnation, kept afloat by cheap money from central banks, still waiting for an improvement in the business cycle, firms in the Creative Economy are racing ahead by creating their own demand with continuous innovation.

FORBES: The Creative Economy: Can Industrial Giants Reinvent Themselves?