These airports are free of the aggravating congestion of the 50 largest domestic hubs, through which 90% of travelers pass.
Those who argue that road pricing is unfair because it discriminates against the poor ignore the fact that people too poor to own a vehicle, together with the young and the very old, suffer the ill-effects of congestion without the benefits of personal mobility.
As a result, Mr Parry finds, the net benefits of a road-specific peak-period fee (the gain of less congestion minus the cost of disrupted travel) would be about three times bigger than a petrol-tax increase calculated to curb congestion by the same amount.
That measure is a response to complaints of congestion and disorder that have plagued areas of Chinatown and Midtown, where low-cost bus services have gathered to collect passengers.
"Our objective is to provide the basic infrastructure, planning and necessary management framework in creating satellite cities that reverses the current trend of unplanned development and urban congestion in most of Africa's growing cities, " says Tim Beighton, of Rendeavour, which is developing several new cities in Africa.
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TomTom's Congestion Index is the world's most accurate barometer of congestion in urban areas.
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However, passenger car traffic on most bridge and crossings will be limited to a minimum of three people, after a day of auto congestion resulting from cars being one of the only ways of getting to and around the city.
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The sharp reduction in congestion in central London following the introduction of the congestion charge in February strengthens this case.
The Economist (December 6th) has decided that a good solution to the problem of road congestion (ie, a possible misallocation of resources) is for people to give more money to government.
The launch of DriveNow and ParkNow in San Francisco and other cities is part of our commitment to the development of new mobility offerings, which will reduce the level of pollutant emissions and traffic congestion and improve quality of life for residents.
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Think of the congestion on many public roads, the rationing of broadband spectrum or the exorbitant prices of government issued taxi medallions (and therefore cab fares) in New York City.
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Driving is much less fun than it used to be because of increased traffic congestion and the fact that the kind of cars most people can afford are "utilitarian" and difficult to customise.
But the key benefit of congestion tolling is its positive impact on the environment.
Certainly I would agree that the school run is a major form of congestion.
Each road is color-coded according to its level of congestion or average travel speed.
Complaints about the malign effects of congestion, especially from business, are at a new pitch.
Arista also offers network monitoring software, LANZ, which watches networks and tracks sources of congestion in real-time.
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For each dollar of highway spending, the costs of congestion were only reduced by a eleven cents.
Except in a relatively small number of specific places at specific times, the social cost of congestion is small.
However, Mr Coates Smith believes that the environmental advantages and the congestion beating nature of the system will make it a success.
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About 4, 000 people signed a petition calling for the scheme to be scrapped, because of congestion, longer journey times and danger to pedestrians.
Third, the high proportion of cars and trucks that must pay manually at toll booths is a frequent source of congestion in itself.
All told, we spent 4.8 billion hours on the road and bought 1.9 billion more gallons of petrol in 2011 just because of congestion.
"Road works are a major cause of congestion on our roads and irritation for motorists, and anything that reduces their impact is welcome, " he said.
He says that if the problems of congestion are to be tackled, there will have to be a switch from fuel duties to congestion charging.
The Automobile Association and the Welsh Assembly warned of congestion on the M4 and surrounding trunk roads in south-east Wales - but no real problems materialised.
Despite the worries of some newspapers and motoring organisations, the government still hasn't adopted Road User Charging as its policy for tackling growing levels of congestion.
United says it has added minutes to flights in the New York area, including Newark, because of congestion-related delays both in the air and on the ground.
We dream of these cities as being well-managed and administered, relatively clean and absent of congestion, offering mobility, access, the capacity to partake and enjoy in urban life.
Look for, among other things, preferential insurance rates, HOV lane access, reduced tolls, and the suspension of congestion fees entering urban areas such as San Francisco and Manhattan.
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