As William of Ockham would suggest, the most useful answer is probably the simplest: We are confused because we are conflating innovation, invention and initiative.
For one thing, in urging Europe to fight any eastward drift in Turkish diplomacy, Mr Gates risks conflating EU membership with support for American policy in the Middle East.
But business groups criticised the remarks, accusing the Labour leader of "hyperbole" and conflating people with total assets worth more than a million with the much smaller group of people who earn a seven-figure salary.