Chafetz noted that House Democrats also pursued the case against Miers and Bolten in court, finally reaching a compromise settlement after Bush left office in 2009.

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On both occasions he rejected a compromise settlement of his legal action under which each side would have paid its own costs and made a bland statement in open court.

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When added to the mix of other issues, the Appeals Officer determined that a compromise settlement would be appropriate in order to reflect the merits of the innocent spouse claim and the hazards of litigation.

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It should be noted that the NFL quickly dispelled this notion, denying that any compromise or settlement had been put on the table.

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The state's Law Minister, P Chandrashekhar, told the BBC that he wanted to make it easier for parties to reach an informal compromise or settlement out of court, especially because legal proceedings could drag on for many years.

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Given the extent of the evidence against HSBC, some prosecutors saw the charge as a healthy compromise between a settlement and a harsher money-laundering indictment.

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Lufthansa said the pay settlement, which ends in February 2010, represented " a compromise at the bearable limit".

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