In Step 7, with the complexity of distributed control of IT mastered, with a clear understanding of how IT serves the business, the CIO can start exercising leadership.

FORBES: Eight Steps For Addressing the IT Management Crisis

Even with ADS-B, jets will be restricted to narrow lanes to reduce the complexity of air traffic control.

FORBES: Technology

Mr Osborne presented a united front with Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith, following reports the Treasury wanted to scrap the work and pensions secretary's new Universal Credit over fears costs and complexity were spiralling out of control.

BBC: Tory conference: George Osborne in ?10bn benefit cut vow

The dynamic remains one of building up complexity, so programs can do more, then searching to control it with new kinds of abstraction.

FORBES: Innovators