Moreover, if backdating occurs without the compensation committee's knowledge, illegal insider trading may also have occurred.

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Trading standards officers will also be given the power to seek compensation from the courts on behalf of consumers.

BBC: Finance

The employment contract of former Salomon Smith Barney telecom analyst Jack Grubman granted him compensation both for bringing in specific investment banking deals and for generating stock trading volume in the issues he covered, according to an attorney familiar with the document.

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"So much executive compensation is in the form of stock and stock options that insiders are always trading in their own stocks, " said Stephen Bainbridge, a law professor at the University of California at Los Angeles.

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The dominance of short-termism is evidenced by the magnitude of institutional stock "renting" for terms of 12 months or less, the volume of high-speed, high-frequency algorithmic short-term trading, the short average tenures of chief executive officers and the dominance of executive compensation tied solely to short-term results.

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With respect to the allegation of churning, because we found no evidence of excessive trading and because (except as noted above) the accounts were fee based and thus not generating commissions compensation to Respondent Abadiotakis, there was neither indication of nor basis for an allegation of churning.

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