Fourth, Professor Crawford assumes that competition must produce a commodity service to be considered competition.
Commodity futures are less vulnerable to competition than, say, bond futures, because they require a commodity to be delivered to a specified place.
Starbucks is always going to face challenges: commodity pricing, growth in competition, consumer spending, etc.
But it warned "markets will remain challenging, with intense competition and volatile commodity costs".
By restricting government support to a single identical plan, it forces insurance companies offering the Basic Plan to compete to sell a uniform commodity, which will make competition really thrive.
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But servers divided into low-end commodity systems and high-end machines that tended to be sold as part of a solution, and competition hounded the joy out of commodity servers, too.
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While commodity products like ETFs have natural price competition working in their favor and large institutions have internal staff and consultants to negotiate on their behalf, individual investors face a host of challenges in the war on fees.
Brutal competition, tightened consumer spending and rising commodity costs have all contributed to the company's woes.
Moreover, these days it is not only manufacturers and commodity-mongers who can expect a visit from the competition cops.
But we have to ask ourselves whether cost competition has ended up making software development a commodity that can be sold off the shelf?
By giving operating system control to Microsoft, Nokia stands to lose the opportunity to differentiate its smartphones from the competition, and risks making its smartphones a commodity.
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