Punishing the off-label use of cognitive enhancers may also be unfair to those who find these drugs medically useful in unexpected ways.
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This is because when our attention is diverted, we use up valuable cognitive resources reorienting ourselves, leaving less mental energy for completing our work.
For depression, best evidence supports the use of either cognitive behavioral or interpersonal therapy in the behavioral realm and antidepressants in the realm of pharmacology.
Linda and and Mark Sobell have also developed programs of behavior change that use a combination cognitive-behavioral approach, and are aimed at people battling addiction, but also those trying to instill more general positive changes in their lives.
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The pair identified common cognitive biases that cause people to use faulty reasoning to make irrational decisions.
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Media and information literacy, through which individuals acquire a combination of technical and cognitive skills to seek, evaluate and use information effectively, develop critical thinking and acquire the behaviours for life-long learning, is becoming the engine of education in the 21st century.
The first part of the book is a mixture of psychology and trendy neuroscience research that presents the evidence for Mr Shermer's central claim: that, instead of shaping belief around painstakingly gathered, soberly judged evidence, people most often decide upon their beliefs first, and then use an impressive range of cognitive tricks to bend whatever evidence they do discover into support for those pre-decided acts of faith.
By limiting their use of technology, along with cognitive based therapy, many have seen improvement.
Meanwhile, a similar pilot study at the University of Missouri studied the use of Tai Chi as a method of cognitive rehabilitation for cancer survivors who had undergone chemotherapy.
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Cosmetic use by the healthy will only accelerate as more and more cognitive enhancing medications come to the marketplace.
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When people choose to use powerful, and potentially dangerous, stimulant medications to enhance cognitive functioning they need to manage the risks.
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And although imaging studies show that middle-aged people may use different brain regions to do the same old tasks, cognitive tests show that apart from brute speed, the brain's abilities are not diminished in middle age.
Mr. Smith also advises companies to ensure that people with motor disabilities can navigate websites without the use of a mouse, and to use plain language and a strong design to aid people with cognitive or intellectual disabilities.
Dr. Wolinsky said the next study he expects to pursue will use functional MRI imaging to measure changes in the brain in people participating in cognitive-training exercises, he said.
Turning off mobile notifications and making an effort to use only one high-tech device at a time is a way to stretch our cognitive resources.
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