Once they concern large swathes of economic output and the cognitive activity of millions of people, it is difficult to keep the government out.

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The Cognitive Engine represents the core module of the Extended Activity Reasoning system (EAR) in the CMU-Minds Eye architecture.

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Instead, GPs are encouraged to offer cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and structured group physical activity programmes.

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The researchers noted, however, that "the direction of causation is unclear, " meaning they couldn't tell if a healthier brain was a result of physical activity, or if people showing signs of cognitive decline weren't able to exercise.

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In fact, Age UK goes as far as arguing it is just as important as the physical activity bit as loneliness is a risk factor for both cognitive and physical decline.

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These benefits include short-term gains in the emotional or cognitive development of the child, improvements in educational outcomes, reduced levels of criminal activity, and improvements in health-related indicators, such as child abuse.

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