The codons were written in a four-letter alphabet, A, C, G, T, that abbreviated the names of the chemicals of which DNA is made.
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The other three codons are signals to stop making the chain.
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Rather than inventing a new base pair, they have co-opted the least common of the three stop codons and used it to code for various new amino acids.
Of the 64 possible codons, 61 correspond to particular amino acids though several amino acids have more than one codon, since natural proteins consist of only 20 sorts of amino acid.
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